The rise in women in employment is partly due to an increase in the percentage of mothers in work. More recently, during the 2008/09 recession the employment rates for men fell more than for women and have since levelled off in the last four years with men’s employment rates remaining between 75% and 77% and women’s at 65% to 67%. Since 1991 increases in the percentage of women in work continued but at a slower rate than before. Source: Labour Force Survey - Office for National Statistics Since the 1970s there have been several pieces of new legislation that may have impacted on the employment rate for women:ġ970 Equal Pay Act – this prohibited any less favourable treatment between men and women in terms of payġ975 Sex Discrimination Act – promoted equality and opportunity between men and womenġ975 Employment Protection Act – made it illegal to sack a woman due to pregnancy and introduced statutory maternity provisionĢ008 Lone parent income support changes – conditions of eligibility for lone parent income support were changedĢ010 increase in State Pension Age for women - women now retiring later than previouslyĮmployment rates for men and women aged 16-64, 1971 to 2013, UK Since 1993 there have been increases in young men who are inactive due to study. This could be for many reasons, for example between 19 when most of the fall in men in work occurred, many could have taken earlier retirement, left work for health reasons or started sharing childcare responsibilities. Over the period the fall in men working has seen an increase in the number who are inactive. The growing demand to employ people within the service sector and falling demand within the manufacturing sector may have resulted in more women and fewer men working. Traditionally a higher proportion of women than men have worked in services, with a higher proportion of men working in manufacturing. One possible factor is the rise of the service sector and decline of the manufacturing sector beginning in the 1960s. Most of the shift in more women and fewer men working happened between 19. While there have been increases in the number of women in work, the percentage of them doing a part-time role has fluctuated between 42-45% over the past 30 years. For example, full-time men worked on average 44 hours per week whilst full-time women worked 40 hours per week. For those who worked full-time there were differences in the average hours worked per week. In April to June 2013, looking at the not seasonally adjusted series, around 13.4 million women aged 16 to 64 were in work (42% part-time) and 15.3 million men (12% part-time). For men the percentage fell to 76% in 2013 from 92% in 1971. In April to June 2013 around 67% of women aged 16 to 64 were in work, an increase from 53% in 1971. Over the past 40 years there has been a rise in the percentage of women aged 16 to 64 in employment and a fall in the percentage of men. Women in the labour market Rising employment for women and falling employment for men over 40 years Men make up the majority of workers in the top 10% of earners for all employees but the gap is lower for those under 30Ģ. The number of women working within managerial roles slightly higher than the EU averageįemale graduates more likely to work in a slightly lower skilled occupation group than men Women dominate employment within caring and leisure occupations Men tend to work in the professional occupations associated with higher levels of pay than women The employment rate gap between mothers in a couple and lone mothers smaller for those with older children Men with children more likely to work than those without – opposite picture for women Men have consistently higher employment rates than women above the age of 22Įmployment rates for women lowest in Northern Ireland and Londonīirmingham has the lowest employment rate among the smaller areas Rising employment for women and falling employment for men over 40 years
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